¶ … People feed themselves? Why was subsistence agriculture a problem from the perspective of European colonizers?

From the point-of-view of the European colonizers, subsistence agriculture was a 'problem' because it was a source of empowerment for the individuals they desired to oppress. It was cast as primitive in European literature, but this 'primitive' form of agriculture had nourished people for centuries. The real aim of the Europeans was to render colonial peoples useful to the Mother Country. Subsistence agriculture was also problematic for the Europeans because it was primarily designed to sustain people, rather than to generate profits. The agriculture produced only what was needed for a small group of people, rather than crops for the mass marketplace.

An excellent example of this can be seen in the West Indies. Before Europeans came to the region, Africans had a vibrant, rich, and diversified system of agriculture, which provided many forms of food for its people. However, the West Indies...

After the population was enslaved and the nation was transformed into an agricultural sugar-producing region, the tradition of sustainable agriculture was destroyed. This is why today the 'poor people' of Africa cannot feed themselves, much to the confusion and dismay of the developed world which once oppressed it and destroyed its indigenous traditions. The extinction of the practice of farming staple foods like rice in nations such as Ghana in favor of cash crops like peanuts produced famine.
Q2. How was this problem solved?

The so-called problem of subsistence agriculture was remedied through a system of enslavement and oppression. In the 19th century, when the outright slavery practiced in West Africa was no longer tenable, indigenous farmers were forced by government policy to grow cash crops. Sometimes force was used, including physical force. Peasants were also heavily taxed to force them to participate…